The witch-hunt in Early Modern England Essay Example

The witch The witch-chase in Early Modern England Paper The witch-chase in Early Modern England Paper There has been for some time set up conviction about black magic, which has never been questioned. The confidence in maleficium, which is the act of unsafe enchantment, has been settled in prevalent thinking since before the Middle Ages. Be that as it may, the possibility of diabolism didnt truly emerge in English well known dread, in light of the fact that there was no particular torment engaged with the arraignment of witches in England. With European components, for example, diabolism and Sabbath missing, it very well may be expected by the procedure of disposal that the English open themselves were at the core of the witch-chases and this was down to odd notion mostly, despite the fact that the witch-chase was multi-causal. The principal bit of writing that gave data on the black magic for a huge scope on black magic was the Malleus Maleficarum. It was first distributed in 1486 and was composed by two Dominican priests, Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger. It characterized the violations of a witch, yet it didnt incorporate diabolism, which was to make a settlement with the demon. Be that as it may, there was no English interpretation of the Malleus until current occasions, and along these lines this shows why European thoughts may have been delayed to produce results on the English individuals. Likewise education in England was low and the main genuine method of European thoughts arriving at England, would have been the tip top, who were not so much that quick to advance witch-chases based on diabolism. In this manner the informers of a witch couldn't attempt her exclusively on doubt and in England more proof was required for procedures to proceed. This implied in England there small less instances of black magic of black magic and lower conviction rates than contrasted with Europe. In England, there were no legitimate changes like the ones in Europe. In the event that an individual was blamed for a wrongdoing, the lay-jury would intiate the procedures and the preliminary jury would abide over the realities, and the appointed authority focussed at the proof, before settling on choice. It was an accusatorial framework in England, where casualties needed to demonstrate the wrongdoing had been submitted and give observers, who were themselves open to indictment if the denounce was vindicated. There was no lawful reason for the utilization of torment and in this manner it was hard to separate admissions, from the witches about their exercises. Along these lines the possibility of diabolism never truly entered the brain of the English individuals, and maleficium remained the fundamental wrongdoing of performing black magic. In 1468, the Papacy decided that black magic was a crimen exceptum, which implies an outstanding wrongdoing. This authorized the utilization of torment and fundamentally allowed the utilization of any techniques to manage the black magic violations. In any case, King Henry VIII had split away from the Roman Catholic Church and had framed the Church of England. This implied the thoughts were being formulated by the Papacys educated people for indictment, were not actualized in the English lawful framework and black magic was not a remarkable wrongdoing in England. In England, black magic for a great many people was as yet a movement, which was doing mischief to others by powerful methods thus it wasnt blasphemy. The Acts of Parliaments confirm this, when the initial two resolutions were passed. In 1542m it was made a crime to summon spirits or to rehearse black magic, so as to discover treasure alongside different exercises. The Act unmistakably regarded the wrongdoing of black magic as comprising in positive demonstrations of antagonistic vibe against the network, instead of framing relations with the fiend. The primary demonstration was revoked and a subsequent resolution was passed in 1563. The subsequent rule was increasingly extreme in discipline and utilizing maleficium for any methods was a genuine offense. The degree of the offense relied upon how truly the casualty was harmed. In any case, in the third black magic resolution in 1604, there was some component of Continental conviction. It was lawful offense to perform maleficum that came about in anyones passing and it additionally restricted abhorrence spirits. On of the reasons that the third rule, included diabolism was a result of Englands ruler, James I, who was Scottish and had Continental view on black magic. The rule was canceled in 1736 and this demonstrated how far English Law on black magic could go, so as to be lined up with Continental precepts. The English witch-chase asserted not very many lives, contrasted with the remainder of Europe, however it has a few measurements to know about and one reason was Mathew Hopkins. He was proficient witch-tracker, who aided the indictment of numerous cases. In 1645, under his impact, there were sixteen individuals indicted for engaging abhorrence spirits, yet seven of them were blamed for murdering others. The Essex Circuit had 492 arraignments for maleficium and eighteen were for engaging malevolence spirits, which were affected by Hopkins. English appointed authorities, for example, Sir Robert Filmer, said that the were probably not going to denounce, except if murder was included. The main striking exemption to this training was during Hopkinss crusade. Somewhere in the range of 1645 and 1647, around 200 individuals were well on the way to have been indicted, due to Hopkinss help. During the late sixteenth and seventh hundreds of years, the courts were gradually rewarding cases along the Continental lines. This was because of the reality, that when a charge of maleficium arrived at the courts it could without much of a stretch be transformed into one of fallen angel love and it was simpler for the indictment if there was an away from of a connection with the villain. Notwithstanding, regardless of the expanding inclination in the courts, the well known idea of black magic was confined to maleficium. In this way the legal hardware was bit by bit opening up, however there appeared to have been no craving by either the Church or individuals to exploit it.

Urbanization Essays - Urban Decay, Segregation, Ethnic Enclave

Urbanization The urban city and its capacity in the public eye can't be comprehended without contemplating its arrangement as a city of outsiders, their newcomer families and companions and the ties that quandary them. By ignoring the ethnic culture and systems of the city's outsiders, the investigation of the urban focus is, best case scenario a vain exertion. Ethnic propensities and especially ethnic private isolation, are zones of assessment than can't be disregarded in the event that we are to comprehend the individual and gathering encounters that at last impact urban development. It is in this manner critical to painstakingly investigate these zones so that knowledge into the underpinnings of the urban city is accomplished. Taking a gander at Canadian urban focuses from 1850-1920, explicitly the city of Toronto, I will inspect the issue of ethnic private isolation and its noteworthiness to the urban focus. I will endeavor to demonstrate that this marvel is a result of ethnic fixation specifically enterprises coming about because of ethnic systems and financial imbalances present inside society. Besides, the presence of these lively yet isolated ethnic networks doesn't suggest that digestion is neglecting to happen. Therefore, standard osmosis systems, which expect that nearness to the greater part bunch increments with financial increases, must be reexamined. Urban and recorded geographers have gotten progressively keen on contemplating private isolation through the setting of changes in the mechanical work environment (Scott, 1986). Various businesses like apparel, material, iron and steel have utilized huge extents of outsider laborers (Leiberson, 1933). Toronto is no special case. Early outsider pilgrims came to North America looking for a 'superior' life and expanded monetary chances (Lindstrom-Best, 1979) and Toronto's financial vibe spoke to them. 1850's Toronto saw expanded flourishing with growing endeavors, employments and particularly railroad building. By the 1860's, when this first rail development blast had blurred, the city bloomed into a locally predominant railroad place with track access all through the area, into abutting Montreal, Detroit and New York. All the more significantly however, steam what's more, iron vehicle extension disentangled the path for industrialization (Harney, 1985). Toronto's harbourfront flourished with rail traffic, involving machine and motor works, coal-yards, embellishment and producing plants and steam-driven production lines (Globe, 1866). The new gas works, the Grand Trunk Railway workshops, the Toronto Moving Mills, and the Gooderham and Worts refinery exemplified this prospering industrialization. In addition, other preparing activities, for example, wood or equipment manufactories, tanneries and meat-pressing houses went with modern development. All things considered, by the 1860's, working open doors in the city could promptly encourage on its settlement, which subsequently started to quicken quickly (Harney, 1985). Considering these expanded working chances particular Torontonian neighborhoods created. St. John's Ward limited by Henderson, Yonge, Front and University and the Italian neighborhoods limited by Henderson, Manning, Dundas and Ossington are only two of the particular networks that came about. By the 1900's, the 'Ward' as it was famously know, basically comprised of East Europeans of Jewish drop. They at first settled in the Ward since they had minimal decision. Upon their appearance, they were in prompt need of modest settlement close to stable job (Harney, 1985). St. John's Ward, adjoining the business focus of the city, gave them this opportunity. They had moderately hardly any abilities and no credit in spite of the fact that their liking for the article of clothing industry demonstrated important (Speisman, 1979). Do the trick it is to state, the Ward was in nearness to this industry. During the early twentieth century, the prominent attire firms, the Lowndes Co., Johnson Brothers furthermore, others were situated on Front Street, Wellington Street, Church and Bay. By 1910, the T. Eaton organization had raised a tremendous assembling firm limited by Narrows, Albert, Louisa and James. This organization would in the end develop to be the biggest sole boss of Jews in the Ward (Harney, 1985). Production line representatives chosen to dwell close to their work environments (Harney, 1985). Working long hours, they wished to limit heading out time therefore deciding to live near the organizations that utilized them. Furthermore, as closeness to significant attire firms expanded, so too did work openings. The Ward, like numerous different zones all through North America, hence developed into a migrant asylum adjoining the focal business locale. Regardless of the way that not all Jews made their occupations in garments manufacturing plants, it was the processing plants' essence and vicinity to reasonable lodging that pulled in Jewish settlers to the territory (Rischin, 1964) and made a dynamic ethnic neighborhood. Comparable ethnic neighborhood showed up as unique worker word related abilities rose. The main Finnish occupant of Toronto, a tailor named James Lindala, dared to the city upon becoming aware of the appeal for gifted tailors (Lindstrom-Best, 1979). Settling in the south-focal piece of Toronto, close to the railroad and fitting

Idea Generation What is Creative Problem Solving

Idea Generation What is Creative Problem Solving © Shutterstock.com | alphaspiritCreative Problem Solving (CPS) is a key idea generation technique. Currently, though better service quality is important, it is not enough on its own. Without combining it with innovation and creativity, one cannot expect to achieve lasting success at the international level. Reading this article, you’ll learn these aspects about CPS: 1) definition, 2) Osborn-Parnes CPS, 3) stages and models of creative problem solving (CPS),  and 4) some techniques.DEFINITIONIn simple words, Creative Problem Solving may be defined as a problem solving technique that addresses a challenge or problem in a creative manner. The solution is creative because it is not obvious. To meet the criteria for solving a problem in a creative manner, the solution should resolve the declared problem in an original manner with the solution being reached independently. This idea generation strategy usually incorporates a team approach. This is owing to the fact that people inside the workplace are allowed to engage in the process of change in their search for creative solutions.Coming to the more specific use of the term, Creative Problem Solving refers to the trademark Osborn-Parnes (CPS) process of creatively solving problems. The process was crafted by Dr. Sidney J. Parnes and Alex Osborn in the 1950s. The difference between this process and other CPS strategies is that there is utilization of both convergent and divergent thinking in the course of each process step, and not only when coming up with ideas to fix the problem. Each step starts with divergent thinking, an extensive search for multiple alternatives. After this comes convergent thinking that involves evaluating and selecting. This strategy is taught at the Creative Problem Solving Institute, the International Center for Studies in Creativity, and the CREA conference. It is particularly recognized as an important influence on the Productive Thinking Model.OSBORN-PARNES CPS â€" A FEW MODELSWhen des cribing the Osborne-Parnes process of Creative Problem Solving, one can think of no less than four models. Here, three are discussed.1. LinearIn the linear model, each of the six stages of the Creative Problem Solving process is represented by a diamond shape. This shape signifies first, generating or diverging options, followed by a selection of a refreshed focus and then, moving on. Thinking was in straight lines, moving just one step at a time for the sake of maintaining order, channeling freedom. This model came out in the 1970s.2. BubbleIn the 1990s, the diamond shapes changed into connected bubbles representing attitude shifts towards directed and meaningful connectedness. Channeled freedom gets wider birth. There are three unique stages in the bubble model. Visually, this indicates authorization to enter not solely at the first stage (as was the case in the 1970s model), but at any stage of the process. The linear model has diamond shapes with smoother edges, and there are ar rows to give directions. The three bubbles in the bubble model let you know exactly what you should do.3. SystemicThe Thinking Skills Model is a system with many entry points determined by the task at hand (center hub) or situation. The construction in this model is in agreement with our current web-like interrelated view of the world. It depicts the distinctive core of each stage by renaming. While the bubble and accordion (diamond) CPS models offer rational, logical approaches to CPS, providing an overt course of action, this model tells you what happens. It outlines the three key phases and charts the thinking processes utilized for each. You can see the diamonds remain, the three key focus points join in fluid colors with the beginning point varying with the situational requirement.STAGES AND MODELS OF CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (CPS)There are six stages in the Osborn-Parnes process of creative-problem solving. Here, the six stages are described with two examples of questions for some of the stages, to stimulate your thinking.1. Objective FindingPinpointing the challenge or goal and delineating your preferred output is the basis of the CPS strategy. At times, people pay no heed to certain essential aspects about the problem or take something for granted to solve it rapidly. This causes an obscurement of the thought process, and the person fails to take note of the big picture. Delineating the goal or objective provides a lucid idea pertaining to the problem that facilitates the investigation of various possible solutions to it.Questions: What bottlenecks or barriers exist? What is it that you wish to be better organized?2. Fact FindingCollecting information pertaining to the problem and associated data is essential for comprehending the problem. At this stage, make a list of key details such as what and who is involved, assumptions and perceptions, viewpoints of interested parties, feelings and facts, and so on so that you may begin the process of crafting i deas.Questions: Who should be or is already involved? Why doesn’t/does it happen?3. Problem FindingUsing the problem objective and gathered data as a basis, determine possible challenges that may come about and the possible opportunities that are present inside of it. This would assist you with concentrating on the problem. It is so simple to move your attention away from the aim and to come up with answers to the incorrect problems.Questions: What is the actual problem? What is the key objective?4. Idea FindingReusing a solution when we come across a problem that we possibly encountered before, is a very easy process. Our mind detects ‘conceptual blocks’ that comprise hurdles such as commitment, complacency, compression, and constancy. These hinder us from thinking creatively and developing fresh concepts or ideas. Thus, it is essential to investigate, brainstorm and determine as many probable solutions as you can.5. Solution FindingAfter you’ve done with coming up with new ideas and noting down probable solutions in list fashion, assess them to determine whether they meet your specification for success and can be executed. Improvise, reinforce and select the best idea. Make sure that the solutions are not only creative, but also useful. At times, will power is the sole solution.Questions: Will it work? Are the technology and materials available?6. Acceptance FindingYou have selected the best probable solution that is both actionable and satisfies the requirements for success. The next thing to do is to plan your steps for action by lucidly describing responsibilities and determining the best method to utilize the available resources. The calls for action that you put out should be comprehended by all associated with the problem solving process so that it becomes an accepted solution.SOME TECHNIQUES1. SynecticsSynectics is usually classified as a Creative Problem-Solving (CPS) Technique along with Brainstorming and Lateral Thinking. This problem solvi ng methodology inspires thought processes that the subject might not be aware of. The credit for developing the technique that had its beginnings in the 1950s in the Arthur D. Little Invention Design Unit goes to George M. Prince and William J.J. Gordon.The process was gathered from tape recorded (starting with audio with video coming later) meetings, assessment of the outcomes, and experiments with other methods of coping with the barriers to achievements, in the meeting.The term “Synectics” has its origins from the Greek language and means the combining of different and supposedly irrelevant elements. Though Synectics is a trademarked name, it has turned into a standard word for delineating Creative Problem Solving that takes place in groups. This idea generation technique approaches problem solving and creativity in a rational manner.In Gordon’s opinion, Synectics research has to do with three key assumptions:It is possible to describe and teach the creative process;Inventi on processes in science and arts are analogous and propelled by the same “psychic” processes;Creativity at the level of individual and group is analogous.In short, if people comprehend the working of creativity, they can improve their ability to be creative.2. TRIZ methodologyTRIZ (or TIPS â€" Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) was created by Genrich Altshuller and his coworkers. It is a Russian method of problem solving. This strategy is meant to cultivate the creation of patentable inventions. However, the technique is also helpful for developing non-product solutions.In the beginning, following the invention of bulletproof glass, a trade off happened. Though the glass would prevent the bullet from entering, the former would crack to such an extent that the vision of the pilot or driver behind the glass would be obscured. TRIZ has a considerable list of principles for settling trade offs. In this particular case, the pertinent principle was segmentation for which the solutio n was to create a huge pane of glass from smaller panes. This was to ensure that the cracks were limited to the one small pane. If you are capable of articulating your trade off, the chances are high that TRIZ has methods to triumph over it that have proved successful with respect to other problems.3. BrainstormingBrainstorming is an individual or group activity by which attempts are made to determine a conclusion for a particular problem by collecting a list of ideas that its members spontaneously contributed. Alex Faickney Osborn popularized the term in Applied Imagination, a 1953 book.4. MindmappingThis creativity technique both reframes the situation and cultivates creativity. A mind map is a representation of concepts and ideas in a graphical manner. This visual thinking tool assists with structuring information, assisting with better analysis, synthesis, comprehension, recall and engendering of new ideas. The power of the mind map is traceable to its simplicity.5. Reversal of problemThis approach is about coming up with ideas to solve problems by way of a different/opposite perspective (turning it around: upside-down, inside-out or back to front).6. Look beyond something’s common functionSplit an object into all its individual parts. If you have a description suggesting a function (just like the function of a prong is transporting electricity), describe it in a more generic manner by way of shape, size and the make-up of the material (such as rectangular, flat, small piece of metal). If you call an item an electric plug’s prong, the description may conceal the fact that the item could also turn into a screwdriver if required.Here’s an example of looking beyond a thing’s common function: Imagine that the passengers of the luxury liner Titanic had considered the iceberg to be a huge floating surface instead of an object that hits ships. If they had thought so, perhaps many lives could have been saved by using the ship as a lifeboat because the iceb erg would not sink.7. Lateral thinkingLateral thinking is a manner of thinking that looks for a solution to an obstinate issue through unorthodox elements or methods that would usually be disregarded by logical thinking. To be more precise, “lateral thinking” may be defined as a way to solve problems by a creative or indirect approach, utilizing reasoning that may not be obvious straight away or incorporating ideas that cannot be gathered by utilizing only conventional step-by-step logic. The term was coined by Edward de Bono, a foremost creativity practitioner, in 1967. De Bono created two different models pertaining to creativity thinking namely “parallel thinking” and lateral thinking. The creativity practitioner created the two models over many years with “Mechanism of the Mind” â€" his book, coming out in print in 1969.Parallel thinking has to do with pondering over an issue in a single state of mind at a time as against confusing ourselves by attempting to process several issues differently in a single go. Coming back to lateral thinking, the concept makes you realize that coming up with breakthrough ideas doesn’t necessarily have to spring from a shotgun effort or luck. The method provides a systematic and most importantly, deliberate process for which the outcome is innovative thinking.Creative thinking is no talent but rather, a learnable skill. It empowers those who adopt it by strengthening their natural abilities, which enhances innovation and creativity, which in turn leads to a boost in efficiency and profit.Challenge, alternatives, and provocation and movement are three examples of lateral thinking techniques.8. SCAMPERThe basis for SCAMPER is the belief that everything new is a variation of something already in existence. SCAMPER is an acronym, and each letter indicates a different method by which the person can toy around with the features of whatsoever it is that is challenging him to come out with new ideas. The letters and the ir full forms are as follows:S  = SubstituteC  = CombineA  = AdaptM  = MagnifyP  = Put to Other UsesE  = Eliminate (alternative is Minify)R  = Rearrange (alternative is Reverse)To utilize the SCAMPER technique, start by stating the problem you wish to solve or the thought you wish to develop. This thought/idea can be anything: a product, process or service you wish to improve, a challenge in business, or other problem. Once you have identified the challenge, you need to come up with questions. Utilize the SCAMPER checklist for guidance. Here’s a sample:S: What to substitute in my process of selling?C: How do I blend selling with other activities?A: What to copy or adapt the selling process of another person or company?M: What do I put more weight on or magnify when selling?P: What other uses can I put my selling to?E: What do I eliminate or make easier in my process of selling?R: How do I change, reverse or reorder my manner of selling?With the help of these questions, you are pus hed to a different viewpoint with respect to your problem and ultimately come up with original solutions.Whether at business or in your personal life, Creative Problem Solving can help you see aspects and solutions that you may never have realized when you only permitted your mind to move the conventional path. So embrace it!

Descriptive Essay About Pajamas - 780 Words

Pajamas. A piece of loose fitting cloth that provides comfort and instant joy. Pajamas warm the soul. Whether you do not get out of your pajamas on a rough day, or you finally get to put them on after a long day, pajamas are capable of cheering anyone up. Along with these benefits of wearing pajamas, others include that comfortable clothing sets a student up for a better atmosphere to learn in. Although wearing pajamas a good amount of time can be considered lazy and unprofessional, people should learn to wear them more often as they help create a better all around mood. Pajamas provide relief after an awful day. I experienced the so-called â€Å"healing power† of pajama pants first hand after having one of the worst days of my life- when my†¦show more content†¦Even if pajamas are not allowed to be worn, other comfortable options can also promote learning. As students who are struggling to pay attention in class after pulling an all-nighter studying, wearing comfortable clothing could help the quality of the upcoming day. If the comfort of clothing affects the way people think, everyone should wear comfortable clothing in order to promote success. Tanya Basu, a writer from the website â€Å"Science of Us† states that â€Å"In a 2015 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, researchers conducted five experiments on 60 American undergraduates testing whether — and if so, how — what you wore translated to what you score.† In order to help promote comfortable learning, an attempt to convince the administration to allow an experiment. This would involve allowing students to wear their most comfortable pajamas to school on important testing days. By doing this, the results would show that students who are comfortable test better. No harm can come from wearing pajamas to school. If the idea is proposed in a polite and respectful way, students may be able to experience more comfort, become happier, have higher attention spans, and receive higher grades. The result of this experiment was that the clothes people wear help them focus in different ways as â€Å"In a classroom settin g, suits might translate to better performance inShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay About Pajamas897 Words   |  4 PagesPajamas. Everybody has their favorite pair. You may think that pajamas are insignificant to happiness; however, pajamas have a weird way of providing comfort and instant joy. In other words, you could even say that pajamas are good for the soul. Whether you do not get out of your pajamas on a rough day, or you finally get to put them on after a long day, pajamas are capable of cheering anyone up. Along with these benefits of pajamas, others include that comfortable clothing sets a student up in aRead MoreBackground Information:. Major Depressive Disorder, Also1633 Words   |  7 Pagessadness, sadness is a normal human emotion, 2 it comes and goes and usually has a trigger. Depression is an abnormal human state, it is an illness that affects emotions, thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. When a person is depressed, they feel sad about anything and everything an d the state persists. It can persist to the point in which it affects a person s daily life. A person suffering might lose their job, become isolated, hurt relationships, and might contemplate suicide. A list of common symptomsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesHuman Resource Management. It is truly an exciting time to be studying Human Resource Management. We appreciate that you are taking time to read this preface to get a better understanding of the text and the resources for learning it includes. About the Book Students taking an HRM class are very likely to be taking it as an elective class or a first class toward an HRM major. Both of these groups need a strong foundation book that provides the essential elements of HRM as well as a clear understanding

The Fall of the Ming Dynasty in China

By the beginning of 1644, all of China was in chaos. The severely weakened Ming Dynasty was desperately trying to hold on to power, while a rebel leader called Li Zicheng declared his own new dynasty after capturing the capital city of Beijing. In these dire circumstances, a Ming general decided to issue an invitation for the ethnic Manchus of north-eastern China to come to the countrys aid, and retake the capital city.  This would prove to be a fatal mistake for the Ming. The Ming general Wu Sangui probably should have known better than to ask the Manchus for help. They had been fighting one another for the previous 20 years; at the Battle of Ningyuan in 1626, the Manchu leader Nurhaci had received his fatal injury fighting against the Ming. In the years that followed, the Manchus repeated raided Ming China, capturing key northern cities, and defeating the crucial Ming ally Joseon Korea in 1627 and again in 1636. In both 1642 and 1643, Manchu bannermen drove deep into China, seizing territory and loot. Chaos Meanwhile, in other parts of China, a cycle of catastrophic floods on the Yellow River, followed by wide-spread famine, convinced ordinary Chinese people that their rulers had lost the Mandate of Heaven. China needed a new dynasty. Beginning in the 1630s in the northern Shaanxi province, a minor Ming official called Li Zicheng gathered followers from the disenchanted peasantry. In February of 1644, Li captured the old capital of Xian and declared himself the first emperor of the Shun Dynasty.  His armies marched east, capturing Taiyuan and heading toward Beijing. Meanwhile, further south, another rebellion led by the army deserter Zhang Xianzhong unleashed a reign of terror that included capturing and killing several Ming imperial princes and thousands of civilians. He set himself up as the first emperor of the Xi Dynasty based in Sichuan Province in southwest China later in 1644. Beijing Falls With growing alarm, the Chongzhen Emperor of Ming watched the rebel troops under Li Zicheng advance toward Beijing. His most effective general, Wu Sangui, was far away, north of the Great Wall. The emperor sent for Wu, and also issued a general summons on April 5 for any available military commander in the Ming Empire to come to Beijings rescue. It was no use—on April 24, Lis army broke through the city walls and captured Beijing.  The Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself from a tree behind the Forbidden City. Wu Sangui and his Ming army were on their way to Beijing, marching through the Shanhai Pass at the eastern end of the Great Wall of China.  Wu received word that he was too late, and the capital had already fallen. He retreated to Shanghai.  Li Zicheng sent his armies to confront Wu, who handily defeated them in two battles. Frustrated, Li marched out in person at the head of a 60,000-strong force to take on Wu. It was at this point that Wu appealed to the closest large army nearby—the Qing leader Dorgon and his Manchus. Curtains for the Ming Dorgon had no interest in restoring the Ming Dynasty, his old rivals. He agreed to attack Lis army, but only if Wu and the Ming army would serve under him instead. On May 27, Wu agreed. Dorgon sent him and his troops to attack Lis rebel army repeatedly; once both sides in this Han Chinese civil battle were worn out, Dorgon sent his riders around the flank of Wus army. The Manchu set upon the rebels, quickly overcoming them and sending them flying back toward Beijing. Li Zicheng himself returned to the Forbidden City and grabbed all the valuables he could carry. His troops looted the capital for a couple of days and then scampered west on June 4, 1644, ahead of the advancing Manchus. Li would only survive until September of the following year, when he was killed after a series of battles with Qing imperial troops. Ming pretenders to the throne continued to try to rally Chinese support for restoration for several decades after the fall of Beijing, but none gained much support. The Manchu leaders quickly reorganized the Chinese government, adopting some aspects of Han Chinese rule such as the civil service exam system, while also imposing Manchu customs such as the queue hairstyle on their Han Chinese subjects. In the end, the Manchus Qing Dynasty would rule China right up to the end of the imperial era, in 1911. Causes of Ming Collapse One major cause of the Ming collapse was a succession of relatively weak and disconnected emperors. Early in the Ming period, the emperors were active administrators and military leaders. By the end of the Ming era, however, the emperors had retreated into the Forbidden City, never venturing out at the head of their armies, and seldom even meeting in person with their ministers. A second reason for the collapse of the Ming was the huge expense in money and men of defending China from its northern and western neighbors. This has been a constant in Chinese history, but the Ming were particularly concerned because they had only just won China back from Mongol rule under the Yuan Dynasty.  As it turned out, they were right to worry about invasions from the north, although this time it was the Manchus who took power. A final, huge cause was the shifting climate and disruptions to the monsoon cycle of rains. Heavy rains brought devastating floods, particularly of the Yellow River, which swamped farmers land and drowned livestock and people alike. With crops and stock destroyed, the people went hungry, a sure-fire prescription for peasant uprisings. Indeed, the fall of the Ming Dynasty was the sixth time in Chinese history that a long-standing empire was brought down by peasant rebellion following famine.

Essay on Does Congress Have Too Much Power over Commerce

Narrow construction is not found in the Constitution, but the powers granted to Congress to regulate commerce are found. Exactly stated, Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes. This clause has no definite interpretation, but has included many aspects of regulating. The word commerce is defined as the exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place (Webster 264). Congress has exercised this delegated power in many cases. The nature and basic guidelines of Congress power over commerce is first laid out in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden. In addition, the case United States v. Lopez is a†¦show more content†¦This article, The Necessary and Proper Clause also known as The Elastic Clause, gives Congress the power to broaden its powers and keep Federal balance. Supreme Court Justice Marshall presents an argument that supports Congres s regulation over all commerce. He clearly says, It is the power to regulate; that is, to prescribe the rule by which commerce is to be governed. This power, like all others vested in Congress, is complete in itself, may be exercised to its utmost extent, and acknowledges no limitations other than are prescribed in the Constitution. Where the Constitution states, Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several States, and with the Indian tribes, the word among means intermixed with. Commerce may concern more than one state, therefore Congress needs to act within the territorial jurisdiction of the several states The Supreme Court held that the power of Congress includes navigation within its limits in every State. Any state activity that attempts to regulate interstate commerce is completely unconstitutional because in dealing with interstate commerce, it can be inferred from the Constitution that the Federal government must regulate inte rstate commerce. The Constitution did not provide states with the power to regulate commerce between states so it is imperative that the federal government intercedes. Although the onlyShow MoreRelated Does Congress Have Too Much Power Over Commerce? Essay2331 Words   |  10 PagesDoes Congress Have Too Much Power Over Commerce? Works Cited Missing Narrow construction is not found in the Constitution, but the powers granted to Congress to regulate commerce are found. Exactly stated, â€Å"Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.† This clause has no definite interpretation, but has included many aspects of regulating. The word â€Å"commerce† is defined as the exchange or buying and selling of commoditiesRead MoreHealth Care And Affordable Care Act1714 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"In 2010, Congress enacted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in order to increase the number of Americans covered by health insurance and decrease the cost of health care† (Supreme Court Opinion, 1). In America, it is a basic necessity to possess health care, logically, Congress would like to make such a necessity more accessible to Americans. Due to a divided government, there are variant views on whether this is necessary and just. He alth care benefits all Americans; it is just a matterRead MoreThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Obama Has Gone Too Far1411 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact will unfold over the next seven to 10 years and we all need to pay attention so we don’t get hit with unexpected cost.† This Act immediately affects small businesses dramatically. The new law focuses on employers with more than 50 employees. Due to that, small businesses will need to exert a significant amount of time and energy to learn and correct them to comply with the requirements. This can be extremely costly. This law is costly to large businesses as well. If you have more than 50 employeesRead MoreThe Powers Of The Legislative Branch1231 Words   |  5 Pages1) The powers of the Legislative Branch a. Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) This clause was created to give the Congress powers to do everything that is considered as necessary and important. With this clause, Congress can create laws and have power to make actions in situations where the Constitution does not give permission to act. The clause is also called the Elastic Clause. The draft of this clause brought disputes between anti-federalists, who believed that theRead MoreParagraph 8 Of Constitution And Its Effect On The Economy1548 Words   |  7 Pageshighly increased the power of congress. Though the clause 1, the first power given to congress by the Constitution is the power to tax, and Congress also has the power to levy tariffs but it’s not allowed to charge more for imports into one state than into another. Then congress control the nation’s Finance and it’s make it has enough power to effect the politic. In the clause 2, congress are able to borrow money on the credit of the United State. It’s does offer any politic power to use, but its helpRead MoreThe Issue Of National Supremacy1258 Words   |  6 Pagesinterstate and foreign commerce. Gibbons v. Ogden centers on the question of the meaning of the word commerce. It concerns whether a state government can make an exclusive contract with an individual for a steamboat line that runs between New York and New Jersey on its waterways. An issue arises when New Jersey wants to make a contract with someone going back and forth from New York to New Jersey. The issue the Supreme Court needed to decide was who help the power to regulate bodies of waterRead More Congress Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Congress in the United States. It serves many roles such as making laws, implementing national policy and watching over the other two branches of government. These are just a few of the duties of our U.S. Congress. Although they are essential to our government, there are potential problems. People are not always satisfied with the length of time involved in passing a law as well as the deadlock Congress can experience on an issue. Another potential problem people see with Congress is representationRead MoreSean Manzelli Upon considering whether the Constitution in its current form should be ratified,1700 Words   |  7 Pagesimmediately annulled as the document offers state governments too much power, and under the Constitution, a more powerful central government will provide checks for state power. Although some may agree the Constitution may ultimately trump all state powers granted by specific clauses, the states are not completely consolidated. Some argue congress may be well versed on the systems of government, but representation is not fair as the House is too small and limited to the elite society. Finally, a bill ofRead MoreDepartment Of Nutrition Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pagessystem of separation of powers, however sometimes those powers get more tied together than they are supposed to be. President Pisapia’s new Department of Nutrition has brought these branches together, involving party partisanship. Pisapia and the National Party are supporters of this Department, competing ag ainst the American Party. This Department led to a close battle in the Court, but it is eventually declared legal. However, now that the American Party has come into power in the House, the pathRead MoreLegislative Branch Rules Everything Around Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesto the framers of the Constitution, who are the Founding Fathers. They wanted to form a government that did not allow one person or group to have too much control and authority. The Articles of Confederation was created and taught them that there was no need to have a centralized government. The Framers wrote the Constitution to provide Separation of Powers. It each has its own responsibilities of its own yet at the same time, they work together to make the country better and run smoothly. In lots

Lord Of The Flies Play Essay Example For Students

Lord Of The Flies Play Essay 29/1/00 M3Lord of the Files( Review)The theatre version of ?Lord of the Flies based on the novel by William Golding and adapted by Nigel Williams are now being presented in the Lyric Theatre Hammersmith, London. Tickets cost about ?7.00. This review is comparing the book and how Nigel Williams adapted it. The theatre version of ?Lord of the Flies is very good. Interesting and always in the climax. The actors are not little kids and there are not lots of them. There are only 8 actors. Some of the actors take 2 or 3 roles. The adult actors acted like a bunch of kids, which was very effective. The way the stage is set out was terrific, the moves around and about on the stage were really planned out well. The stage is a wrecked plane broken in to 2 parts. Actors used up all the stage. See diagram. For example when it is the mountain scene the fire on top of the shelter is lit up and the movable part is facing towards us with the highest point towards the audience. When simon is running down the mountain the movable parts were facing with the lowest point towards us so that it creates a downhill effect. Piggy was a very good actor. The person who took the role of piggy really sounded like piggy.(cockney accent). Some of Piggys lines were cut out and the way the Piggy died was totally different. Ralph was played by a good actor. The actor was really active, hyper, and was very childlike. He was serious and sometimes fun like in the book. Jack was not what I expected. The entrance of the choir was very good but Jacks voice was just to high pitched and annoying. If Jack were a bit more serious and manly he would have been the perfect actor. Jack sounded too childish. Simon was a very good actor. He was interesting. I taught that the actor had the potential to be like Ralph but because he plays Simon he doesnt talk that much. The way he did was very good and interesting. The others chased him so that he is going up the mountain but then he gets killed. They move the movable parts and the body slides down for jack to take off stage. Overall the play was very good just as the book. Bu if youre lazy and dont like reading this is highly recommended. But still it is recommended to every one ages 13 as old as the oldest person in the world. Bibliographythe Play Production in the lyric theater in london

Self registration Essay Example

Self registration Essay Self registration is the filling in of new issues within the Security Exchange Commission that allows participation in the Security Exchange Market Exchange within a period of about two years pending whenever the demand of the new issues arises. The main purpose of the ‘Self Registration’ is that at the time of filling in the new issue, the demand for the offering had not risen and investors cannot place a bid; therefore they have to wait until the demand arises even before the expiration of the two years. The defense is based on the 1999 – 2000 audited financial report carried out by Anderson (Worldcom Auditor) ‘who did not uncover any financial fraud until May 2007’.   Between 2000 and 2001 WorldCom sold two bond offerings using the Audited financial report as at that time. Evidently, provided an unedited interim report of 2000 and 2001 as at the time of filling in the ‘Self Registration’ at the Security Exchange Commission and the information he presented is similar to the Audited Financial Report prior to the sale of the bond offerings on the said dates. We will write a custom essay sample on Self registration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Self registration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Self registration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The due diligence of an investment bank exists for the fact that the ‘investment bank’ as the word implies, cannot invest in a business without carrying out due diligence. The due diligence is carried out in order to determine the success and failure of a business taking into consideration   of the past performance, present and in the future. The due diligence report is carried out in case of purchasing existing business and other investment that require capital. The investment bank may be required by the investor or vendor to provide loan or equity capital. The due diligence report will be based on the past, present and future development to determine the cash flow know as the ‘debt servicing factor’ of the requested loan. During the due diligence investigation, the following areas are thoroughly explored. Personnel Review: The staff of the business employed and the individual skills and also to know if the company is over staff. The labour strength could be reduced if it is overstaff   and retaining   only  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the   skilled staff Books of Account:     The financial reports of the business becomes very necessary which will picture out the financial strength and weakness of the business. The books include the audited Profit and lost Statement and Balance Sheet for the last three years. The company assets and liabilities will be revealed in theses books of account. Marketing: The demand of the products and services will be taken into consideration and also to know the customers they are dealing with including creditors as well. Property or equipment: The type of equipment used if directly purchased or on lease, appreciation and depreciation. Business operation: They will take into consideration the location of the business, inventories. Insurance policies and other related factors It was alleged that there was a fraudulent statement during the ‘Self Registration’ excise based on the audited financial statement of 2000 and 2001 available. It was deliberated that the due diligence report was prepared by a none expert or was deliberately prepared an in- house expert and the report failed to reach the required due diligence standard. Consequently, the report did not revealed the financial weakness of WorldCom both in the audited financial statement and at the time of the   ‘Self Registration’ exercise in the United State Security Exchange Commission. It was also deliberated that the defendants were only relying on the representation of Barchris   insiders. One of theses insiders was   Bran Birnbaurm   who was a young Anttony of Barchris’s house counsel, Secretary   and members of the board   of directors. Based on the above factors, the summary Judgment was as follows; The audit financial report of Anderson was proved â€Å"unclean† for the fact that his report did not reveal the true financial picture   of WorldCom whose executives performed the fraudulent financial deal and consequently, was unable to uncover the financial fraud until in 2002.   The Underwriters defendants motion for the summary judgment was dined. The   due diligence defense: There was no set standard as to know the qualified expert who prepared the report.   Also â€Å"The standard to determine what constitute a reasonable investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is not identified. The time needed to conduct an adequate diligence report cannot be determined due to the fact that there is no need to hurry when taking over a business; hurrying over to take over a business without an adequate due diligence carried out could bring dome to the business and may result to huge financial loss. On the other hand, the due diligence report should be readily available by the vendor but may not be taken so serious by the investment bank until an independent due diligence is carried out by independent third party who has no stake in the business. The investor may decide to give the business a trial period say from within two to there years period in order to see the strength and weakness of the business; if it impresses him, then he can go ahead to sign a detailed sales agreement with the investor(s).  Ã‚   So the trial period could bridge the gap between the urgent need and the period an adequate due diligence could be carried out. A thorough investigation was not carried out before the filling in the â€Å"Self Registration† Form S-3. The time required to undertake the process of the due diligence investigation cannot reconcile with the time the â€Å"Self Registration† exercise was performed.   Consequently,   the report was fraudulent although it was prepared by an expert.The due diligence investigation would have been carried out first before the filling in of the â€Å"Self Registration† Form S-3 of 2000 and 2001 respectively. In another development, it was revealed that the investment bank was considered to come in to turn around the weaken financial position of WorldCom before the new offering of 2001. This was an initial suggestion of the Defendants.   This would have gone a long way to uncover the financial fraud of WorldCom. The bank was would have carried out the due diligence report before investing into the business either through loan or equity participation. The bank would have taken the above mentioned step to determine the past, present and future financial position of Worldcom. The worldcom unhealthy financial position would have been revived if due diligence report was carried out by an independent professional before the issuing of the offering in the Stock Exchange Commission of 2000 and 20001 respectively.   The involvement of the investment bank would have turned the situation around but the management did not allow that for the fact that it could lead to the discovery of their fraudulent practices Also there was the   need to adopt to the required accounting standard and as well as the due diligence investigation to be carried out by outside professionals. At the end of the judgment, there is the need to remove all corrupt staff and employed new Staff   of Worldcom to enable it takes up in   a   in a brighter atmosphere. The new management team should have dis-engage outside and inside professional such as Solicitors, Accountants etc that contribute to the WorldCom unhealthy financial situation. Note:  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the internet â€Å"Self Registration† has various definitions outside the Security Exchange Commission. It is defined as online registration for services including admissions. It was not related to the any of the Security Exchange in Europe or other part of the world apart from the United States. As at this time, I have not come across information of self registration in Europe. I am assuming that it is the United States Security Exchange Commission that has the â€Å"Self Registration† exercise.

William Turner, English Romantic Landscape Painter

William Turner, English Romantic Landscape Painter William Turner (April 23, 1775 - December 19, 1851) is known for his expressive, romantic landscape paintings that often show the power of nature over man. His work had a significant impact on the later impressionist movement. Fast Facts: William Turner Full Name: Joseph Mallord William TurnerAlso Known As: J.M.W. TurnerOccupation: PainterBorn: April 23, 1775 in London, EnglandDied: December 19, 1851 in Chelsea, EnglandChildren: Evalina Dupois and Georgiana ThompsonSelected Works: Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps (1812), The Burning of the Houses of Parliament (1834), Rain, Steam and Speed - the Great Western Railway (1844)Notable Quote: My business is to paint what I see, not what I know is there. Child Prodigy Born into a modest family, the son of a barber and wigmaker and his wife who came from a family of butchers, William Turner was a child prodigy. At age ten, relatives sent him to live with an uncle along the banks of the Thames River due to his mothers mental instability. There, he attended school and began creating drawings that his father exhibited and sold for a few shillings apiece. Much of Turners earliest work was studies he executed for architects such as Thomas Hardwick, designer of a series of London churches, and James Wyatt, creator of the Pantheon in Oxford Street, London. At age 14, Turner began his studies at the Royal Academy of Art. His first watercolor, A View of the Archbishops Palace, Lambeth appeared in the Royal Academys summer exhibition of 1790 when Turner was only 15. One of his first paintings to signal what was to come later in depictions of threatening weather was The Rising Squall - Hot Wells from St. Vincents Rock Bristol in 1793. Self-Portrait (1799). Hulton Fine Art Collection / Getty Images The young William Turner began a pattern of traveling through England and Wales in the summer and painting in the winter. He exhibited his first oil painting, Fisherman at Sea, at the Royal Academy in 1796. It was a moonlit scene quite popular at the time. Early Career At age 24, in 1799, colleagues elected William Turner to be an associate of the Royal Academy of Art. He was already financially successful through sales of his work and moved to a more spacious home in London that he shared with the marine painter J.T. Serres. In 1804, Turner opened his own gallery to show his work. Turners traveling also expanded during the period. In 1802, he traveled to the European continent and visited France and Switzerland. One product of the trip was the painting Calais Pier with French Poissards Preparing for Sea finished in 1803. It featured stormy seas that soon became a trademark of Turners most memorable work. Calais Pier with French Poissards Preparing for Sea (1803). Hulton Fine Art Collection / Getty Images One of Turners favorite travel destinations within England was Otley, Yorkshire. When he painted the epic Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps in 1812, the stormy skies surrounding the army of Hannibal, Romes greatest enemy, were reportedly influenced by a storm Turner observed while staying in Otley. The dramatic depiction of light and atmospheric effects in the painting influenced future impressionists, including Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro. Mature Period The Napoleonic Wars that raged in the European continent disrupted Turners travel plans. However, when they ended in 1815, he was able to travel to the continent once again. In the summer of 1819, he visited Italy for the first time and stopped in Rome, Naples, Florence, and Venice. One of the key works inspired by these travels was a depiction of The Grand Canal, Venice, which included a more expansive color range. Turner also had an interest in poetry and the works of Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron, and John Milton. When he exhibited the 1840 piece Slave Ship at the Royal Academy, he included excerpts of his poetry with the painting. In 1834, a fiery inferno engulfed the British Houses of Parliament and burnt for hours while London residents watched in horror. Turner made sketches, watercolors and oil paintings of the terrible event viewing it from the banks of the Thames River. The blend of colors magnificently depicts the light and heat of the blaze. Turners rendering of the awesome power of the fire matched his interest in the overwhelming forces of nature facing the relative weakness of man. The Burning of the Houses of Parliament (1834). Heritage Images / Getty Images Later Life and Work As Turner advanced in age, he became more and more eccentric. He had few close confidants other than his father, who lived with him for 30 years and worked as a studio assistant. Following his fathers death in 1829, Turner battled with severe depression. Although he was never married, historians believe he was the father of two daughters, Evalina Dupois and Georgiana Thompson. Following the death of Sophia Booths second husband, Turner lived for nearly 20 years as Mr. Booth at her home in Chelsea. Late in his career, Turners paintings focused more and more on the impact of color and light. Often the key elements of the picture are rendered in hazy outlines with most of the painting taken up by large sections that depict mood instead of the actual form. The painting Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway from 1844 is an excellent example of this style. The most detailed element of the work is the smokestack of the train, but most of the painting is given to blurred atmosphere that helps convey the idea of a train speeding along a modern bridge near London. Although these paintings forecast the innovations of impressionist painters, contemporaries criticized Turners lack of detail. Rain, Steam and Speed - the Great Western Railway (1844). Hulton Archive / Getty Images William Turner died of cholera on December 19, 1851. As one of the most prominent of English artists, he was buried in St. Pauls Cathedral. Legacy William Turner left his fortune to create a charity for impoverished artists. He bequeathed his paintings to the National Gallery of Art. Relatives fought the gift of the artists fortune and won back much of his wealth through the courts. However, the paintings became the permanent property of England through the Turner Bequest. In 1984, the Tate Britain museum created the prestigious Turner Prize art award presented annually to a prominent visual artist to honor William Turners memory. Turners impressionistic renderings of the impact of nature on man reverberated through the art world for more than a century. He not only influenced impressionists like Claude Monet, but also later abstract painters like Mark Rothko. Many art historians believe that much of Turners work was far ahead of his time. Sources Moyle, Franny. Turner: The Extraordinary Life and Momentous Times of J.M.W. Turner. Penguin Press, 2016.Wilton, Andrew. Turner in His Time. Thames and Hudson, 2007.

Evolution of Management Principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evolution of Management Principle - Essay Example Since the end of 19th century, the evolutionary level of management principles started getting evolved substantially. Therefore by today, we see several different branches and school of thoughts which have been segregated by management experts and scholar. These schools of thoughts have been broadly divided into five different categories. They include: The Classical School The Behavioural School The Quantitative School also called as Management Science The Contingency School Theory Z School Of Management The important aspects of these schools is that some of them are viewed as classical and some are relatively recent theories, but the great insights which they offer can be very helpful in today’s complex business environment where we encounter accelerating changes every now and then. Noticing these points lets us outline the evolution of principles of management from classical school of management practices and theories to present. â€Å"The Classical School of Managementâ₠¬  This school of thought gave birth to the initialization of management principles. In the end of 19th century, the origins of these principles can be traced. This school of thought primarily consisted of finding productive and efficient ways for management at organizational level. Under classical school of management, further three levels are determined. ... In essence, the concept of classical theory of management incorporates the operations which are required for working for economic efficiency. (Miller, 2008) â€Å"Behavioural School of Management† During 1920s and 1930s, United States was undergoing social and cultural change. Large numbers of peoples were migrating towards city. Economic growth and industrial revolution provided people to spend money on the household and leisure of which their parents could only think about. Consequently, many of the principles and theories which were applied to the management of organization were no longer working effectively. In this regard, several prominent scholars and theorists addressed these issues and directed the attention of people to the changing environment required for workplace. Chris Argyris, Abraham Maslow, Mark Parker Follett, Douglas McGregor and Elton Mayo are some prominent scholars of behavioural school of management. They highlighted the fact that increased level of sat isfaction of worker will yield better performance. This concept evolved the behavioural theory of management which stated that worker’s performance is directly related to the level of satisfaction he has with his job. â€Å"The Quantitative School also called as Management Science† During World War II, physicists, mathematicians and other scientists collaborated with each other in order to solve the problems related to military. Quantitative school of management resulted as an outcome of all the research which was conducted during World War II. It incorporates the Quantitative Approach including statistics, quantitative techniques. Computer simulations and information models to enhance

Medical Emergency Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Medical Emergency Team - Essay Example Research across nations has shown that a risk management approach, leadership skills, and other criteria utilised in a teambuilding activity may prove to be very efficient in implementing such a team in teaching hospitals (Lee et al., 1995); however, although possibility and feasibility of advanced practice nurses as leaders of such teams have been explored in some studies (Jenkins and Lindsey, 2010), in reality there has been no such attempts in creating such a team in a District General Hospital. The introduction above is actually the background of a project proposal to introduce a Medical Emergency Team in the District Hospital where this author works. Since this concept is new and unknown, and the hospital infrastructure is not yet ready for that purpose, it would need extensive organizational changes and changes in attitudes of the healthcare professionals engaged in different aspects of care delivery in this hospital. Thus implementation of such a programme would need provisions for planning and execution of the different stages of the plan. By organisation, it means the policy, process, people, principles, and promoters, since launching a new service would need manipulations in all these areas at the organisational levels. Obviously, while planning this project, all key concepts at the background of such a service must be incorporated, although some local changes must be made to suit the local needs of the hospital at the district level, which would definitely vary from the needs of a tertiary care hospital in the same area. The project would be feasible only when it would be grounded on the key concepts and not principles derived from the prevalent national health and social care policies. However, only this could not achieve the objectives of such a team unless it works on the principles of team building and integrated effort towards building partnerships among the stakeholders through appropriate leadership skills that bring the best of team work and change management. This author is an advanced nurse practitioner for the last three and a half years in this hospital. As already known, this position allows independent, autonomous, and accountable practice in different clinical areas including 20 years of work in the Accident and Emergency. This position allowed sufficient exposure to different emergent clinical scenarios that may be encountered in practice, and rapid response was absolutely essential in such care deliveries. It is very important to note that such care is possible through teamwork only, and it is called Medical Emergency Team. The basic tenet of such a project would be very collaborative teamwork based on as recommended by Kerridge and Saul (2003) continuing education on recognition of acute illness and processes involving audit and education. They must recognise the areas where in-hospital response to acute and critical illness outside the ICU is suboptimal. This author's experience in working in team, which is used to work in the hospital in day/night teams may this become useful for such projects. In this proposed project, there will be a team of 20-plus advanced nurse

Pepsico And Coca Cola Company Economics Essay

Pepsico And Coca Cola Company Economics Essay I chose these companies because I have an interest in the way that they are profitable in the global market. PepsiCo was founded in 1932 by the merger of the then known Frito-Lay Company. The founders of PepsiCo are Donald M. Kendall, President and CEO and Herman W. Lay, Chairman and CEO of Frito-Lay. However Pepsi-Cola was formulated in 1898 by a Caleb Bradham, a pharmacist. Coca-Cola was formulated in 1886 by Dr. John Pemberton. In downtown Atlanta Pemberton sold the syrup with carbonated water for five cents a glass. Both companies grew dramatically since their humble beginnings. Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to compare PepsiCo and Coca-Cola Companys financial standing between the two companies using ratios and financial analysis from five ratio categories. Liquidity The methodology used is the ratios for liquidity. Liquidity is the ability to quickly turn assets in to cash. Liquidity is also characterized by high levels of trading activity. Assets that can be easily obtained and sold are known as liquid assets. A business with a decent amount of liquidity can mean that the business can pay off its expenses. Current Ratio Calculation: Current Ratio = Current Assets/ Current Liabilities PepsiCo Current Ratio PepsiCo current ratio = 0.95 Coca-Cola Current Ratio Coca-Cola current ratio = 1.05 Conclusion: When comparing PepsiCo and Coca-Cola current ratio in 2011 both are successful at easily converting assets into cash. Coca-Cola has a greater ratio than PepsiCo by .10. It can be said that from this ratio that one can invest in either company and they will make a return if dividends are declared. Asset Turnover: Asset turnover shows how the amounts of sales that can are generated for every dollar worth of assets. The higher a firms asset turnover the more efficiently its assets have been turned in to cash. Investors went to invest in companies that can turnover assets easily. Asset Turnover Calculation: Asset Turnover = Total Revenue/ Total Assets PepsiCos Asset Turnover PepsiCo asset turnover = 0.9 Coca-Colas Asset Turnover Coca-Cola asset turnover = 0.7 Conclusion: In the comparison between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola; PepsiCo has a greater turnover than Coca-Cola. PepsiCo turnover is 0.2 higher than Coca-Cola. This means that PepsiCo is more successful in turning sales in dollars. Debt Ratios A debt ratio measures how well a firm can pay off its debt. The larger the debt ratio the more likely that a creditor was used to create a profit for the business. The greater the debt the greater the risk for the business to pay off its debt. Debt Ratio Calculation: Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities/ Total Assets PepsiCo Debt Ratio PepsiCo = 0.93 Coca-Cola Debt Ratio Coca-Cola = 0.41 Conclusion: The comparison with PepsiCo and Coca-Cola shows that Coca-Cola has a smaller debt ratio than PepsiCo. PepsiCo has a greater risk than Coca-Cola does by 0.52 or 52%. PepsiCo has a greater risk of not being able to pay back its debt. Profitability: There are different ways to measure the profitability of a business. Using Profit Margin is just one of the many measurements that can be used. Knowing how profitable a company is allows investors the chance that they will turn a profit from investing in that company. Investors may also want to look at the companys income statement to evaluate a companies profitability along with a companys profit margin. Profit Margin Profit Margin = Operating Profit/ Revenue PepsiCos Profit Margin: PepsiCo = 9.69% Coca-Colas Profit Margin: Coca-Cola = 18.42% Conclusion: In comparing Coca-Cola and PepsiCo One can see that Coca-Cola have more profitability than PepsiCo does by almost double. Investors would most likely invest in Coca-Cola based on these results. Marketability: Market ratios convey the market value of a firm. The valuation of a firms current share price compared to the firms pre-share earnings. High P/E proposes that investors are expecting a growth in earnings in the future. It shows how investors see the firm whether its a risk or reward. Price/Earnings Ratio Formula: P/E Ratio = Market Price per share/ Earnings per share PepsiCos P/E Ratios: Current P/E Ratio = 15.7 P/E Ratio 1 Month Ago = 16.4 P/E Ratio 26 Weeks Ago = 16.1 P/E Ratio 52 Weeks Ago = 16.3 Coca-Cola P/E Ratios: Current P/E Ratio =18.7 P/E Ratio 1 Month Ago = 18.4 P/E Ratio 26 Weeks Ago = 12.8 P/E Ratio 52 Weeks Ago = 12.7 Conclusion: It is clear that Coca-Cola has a higher price/earnings ratio that PepsiCo. Coca-Colas Ratio was a drastic change from a month ago to 26 weeks ago it jumped to 6.5. Investors would see a better turn out from this output of information from Coca-Cola. Conclusion: According to this information I would advise an investor to invest in Coca-Cola based on the information that was provided. I would however be reluctant to advice investors to invest in PepsiCo based on factors presented such as; lower profitability, lower Price/Earnings, and higher debt ratio than Coca-Cola.

Men At Forty The Aging Process :: Forty

Men At Forty  Ã‚   The Aging Process Men At Forty  Ã‚   If asked what is the most miraculous thing in the world, most people would say that birth is definitely in the top five.   But, does anyone ever say that getting older, or even dying, is anywhere close to being a miracle?   Though we don’t look at it that way, it actually is a miracle in its own right.   The whole process of living and breathing, knowing that the end will eventually come is mind-boggling.   People just go about every day as if nothing were happening to them. When in all regards, life is slowly being siphoned from their bodies.   With life, there is a continuous cycle that can never be prevented.   Donald Justice makes this realization of life, and the awaiting death, evident in his poem â€Å"Men At Forty† by using a superb combination of imagery, symbolism and tone.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through his use of imagery, Justice plugs the reader directly into the body of an aging man letting them experience the trials of growing old.   â€Å"At rest on a stair landing,/ They feel it† (5-6) projects an unmistakable picture into the reader’s mind of an older man taking a rest while climbing a flight of stairs.   This, in turn, greatly enhances the focus of the reader letting the poem burrow deep into the psyche and fashion a firm basis in the acceptance of age.   Justice also manifests an image of when the man stands and peers deep into a mirror how, â€Å"They rediscover/ The face of the boy as he practices tying/ His father’s tie there in secret† (9-11).   Throughout the poem, Justice paints the picture of aging.   But, he also gives reference to where the inevitable events of life will lead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though Justice’s use of imagery portrays a vivid picture, his use of symbolism about death strikes the reader even harder.   Right from the start Justice grips the reader with a reference to death by saying â€Å"Learn to close softly/ The doors to rooms they will not be/ Coming back to† (2-4).   This tells the reader that no matter what we are all human.   As the poem continues, aging is brought out to be the main idea but, in the last two stanzas, Justice once again shows us that death is coming;   â€Å"Something is filling them, something/ That is like the twilight sound/ Of the crickets, immense,† (16-18).

Analysis of Factors Influencing Attrition in It Sector Essay

With the economy of India booming at an all time high despite the impact of recession, it is an employee’s market. A large number of multiple jobs are being circulated in organizations and across industries, employees take little time to ponder and leave for greener pastures. In the event the employee feels dissatisfied with his job content, colleagues, boss or a general feeling of discontentment, disillusionment or disappointment creeps in him, considering present market conditions he need not think twice but can easily chucks for good. But obviously it is not good for the employers. Organizations spend a major buck in inducting an employee, beginning from the recruitment process to his internalization in the organization. After reaping rich benefits in the organization in terms of learning, growth, development and availing every possible opportunity in that time span he feels he should go. The HR department is left in the hanging as how to fill in the gap between the demand and supply in terms of human resources. But it helps organizations understand why at all attrition takes place. Why at all at the first place did the idea for leaving come in the mind of the employee. And if at all it came, then why the organization was not pro-active enough to have sensed his dissatisfaction. Furthermore why was it not well equipped to have stopped him from leaving? The entire cycle is vicious. Normally no one welcomes change unless it is forced to be applied. Similarly when an employee joins the organization, he really has no intension of leaving. Circumstances and conditions arise which make him think towards cutting ties. If negative conditions continue to exist then he is confirmed to leave. We all know people do crib about money, not good perks and facilities but if they are happy they stay for the sake of that happiness. People also join organizations for their need for socialization. When they form friends at their work stations; they look forward coming to office every morning. People leave because of boredom and disenchantment from everything. They find no other recluse other than leaving towards somewhere else.

Liquidity Trap Defined A Keynesian Economics Concept

The liquidity trap is a situation defined in Keynesian economics, the brainchild of British economist John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946). Keynes ideas and economic theories would eventually influence the practice of modern macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments, including the United States. Definition A liquidity trap is marked by the failure of injections of cash by the central bank into the private banking system to decrease interest rates. Such a failure indicates a failure in monetary policy, rendering it ineffective in stimulating the economy. Simply put, when expected returns from investments in securities or real plant and equipment are low, investment falls, a recession begins, and cash holdings in banks rise. People and businesses then continue to hold cash because they expect spending and investment to be low creating is a self-fulfilling trap. It is the result of these behaviors (individuals hoarding cash in anticipation of some negative economic event) that render monetary policy ineffective and create the so-called liquidity trap. Characteristics While people’s saving behavior and the ultimate failure of monetary policy to do its job are the primary marks of a liquidity trap, there are some specific characteristics that are common with the condition. First and foremost in a liquidity trap, interest rates are commonly close to zero. The trap essentially creates a floor under which rates cannot fall, but interest rates are so low that an increase in the money supply causes bond-holders to sell their bonds (in order to gain liquidity) at the detriment to the economy. The second characteristic of a liquidity trap is that fluctuations in the money supply fail to render fluctuations in price levels because of people’s behaviors. Criticisms Despite the ground-breaking nature of Keynes ideas and the world-wide influence of his theories, he and his economic theories are not free from their critics. In fact, some economists, particularly those of the Austrian and Chicago schools of economic thought, reject the existence of a liquidity trap altogether. Their argument is that the lack of domestic investment (particularly in bonds) during periods of low interest rates is not a result in people’s desire for liquidity, but rather badly allocated investments and time preference. Further Reading To learn about important terms related to the liquidity trap, check out the following: Keynes Effect: A Keynesian economics concept that essentially disappears in the wake of a liquidity trapPigou Effect: A concept that describes a scenario in which monetary policy could be effective even within the context of a liquidity trapLiquidity: The primary behavioral driver behind the liquidity trap